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Filtered by keyword:snow

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  1. Barthazy, E., S. Göke, R. Schefold, and D. Högl (2004), An optical array instrument for shape and fall velocity measurements of hydrometeors, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 21(9), 1400–1416, doi:10.1175/1520-0426(2004)021<1400:AOAIFS>2.0.CO;2.
  2. Battaglia, A., E. Rustemeier, A. Tokay, U. Blahak, and C. Simmer (2010), PARSIVEL Snow Observations: A Critical Assessment, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 27(2), 333–344, doi:10.1175/2009JTECHA1332.1.
  3. Field, P. R., A. J. Heymsfield, and A. Bansemer (2007), Snow Size Distribution Parameterization for Midlatitude and Tropical Ice Clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 4346–4365, doi:10.1175/2007JAS2344.1.
  4. Geer, A. J. and F. Baordo (2014), Improved scattering radiative transfer for frozen hydrometeors at microwave frequencies, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 1839–1860, doi:10.5194/amt-7-1839-2014.
  5. Gunn, K. L. S. and J. S. Marshall (1958), The distribution with size of aggregate snowflakes, J. Meteorol., 15, 452–461, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1958)015<0452:TDWSOA>2.0.CO;2.
  6. Harlow, R. C. (2007), Airborne Retrievals of Snow Microwave Emissivity at AMSU Frequencies Using ARTS/SCEM-UA, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 46, 23–35, doi:10.1175/JAM2440.1.
  7. Heymsfield, A. J. and C. D. Westbrook (2010), Advances in the Estimation of Ice Particle Fall Speeds Using Laboratory and Field Measurements, J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 2469–2482, doi:10.1175/2010JAS3379.1.
  8. Kidd, C. and V. Levizzani (2011), Status of satellite precipitation retrievals, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15(4), 1109–1116, doi:10.5194/hess-15-1109-2011.
  9. Kim, M.-J. (2006), Single scattering parameters of randomly oriented snow particles at microwave frequencies, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D1420, doi:10.1029/2005JD006892.
  10. Kim, M.-J., M. S. Kulie, C. O'Dell, and R. Bennartz (2007), Scattering of Ice Particles at Microwave Frequencies: A Physically Based Parameterization, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 46(5), 615–633, doi:10.1175/JAM2483.1.
  11. Kneifel, Stefan, U. Löhnert, A. Battaglia, S. Crewell, and D. Siebler (2010), Snow scattering signals in ground-based passive microwave radiometer measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D16214, doi:10.1029/2010JD013856.
  12. Libbrecht, K. G. (2003), Growth rates of the principal facets of ice between −10°C and −40°C, J. Cryst. Growth, 247(3), 530–540, doi:10.1016/S0022-0248(02)01996-6.
  13. Libbrecht, K. G. (2005), The physics of snow crystals, Rep. Prog. Phys., 68(4), 855–895, doi:10.1088/0034-4885/68/4/R03.
  14. Meneghini, R. and L. Liao (2000), Effective Dielectric Constants of Mixed-Phase Hydrometeors, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 17(5), 628–640, doi:10.1175/1520-0426(2000)017<0628:EDCOMP>2.0.CO;2.
  15. Meneghini, R. and L. Liao (1996), Comparisons of Cross Sections for Melting Hydrometeors as Derived from Dielectric Mixing Formulas and a Numerical Method, J. Appl. Meteorol., 35, 1658–1670, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1996)035<1658:COCSFM>2.0.CO;2.
  16. Mitchell, D. L. (1996), Use of Mass- and Area Dimensional Power Laws for Determining Precipitation Particle Terminal Velocities, J. Atmos. Sci., 53(12), 1710–1723.
  17. Nakaya, U. (1954), Snow Crystals: Natural and Artificial, Harvard University Press, ASIN B0007DNW78.
  18. Newman, A. J., P. A. Kucera, and L. F. Bliven (2009), Presenting the Snowflake Video Imager (SVI), J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 26(2), 167–179, doi:10.1175/2008JTECHA1148.1.
  19. Petty, G. W. and W. Huang (2010), Microwave Backscatter and Extinction by Soft Ice Spheres and Complex Snow Aggregates, J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 769–787, doi:10.1175/2009JAS3146.1.
  20. Reitter, S., K. Fröhlich, A. Seifert, S. Crewell, and M. Mech (2011), Evaluation of ice and snow content in the global numerical weather prediction model GME with CloudSat, Geosci. Model Dev., 4(3), 579–589, doi:10.5194/gmd-4-579-2011.
  21. Surussavadee, C. and D. H. Staelin (2009), Satellite Retrievals of Arctic and Equatorial Rain and Snowfall Rates Using Millimeter Wavelengths, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 47, 3697–3707, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2009.2029093.
  22. Szyrmer, W. and I. Zawadzki (2010), Snow Studies. Part II: Average Relationship between Mass of Snowflakes and Their Terminal Fall Velocity, J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 3319–3335, doi:10.1175/2010JAS3390.1.
  23. Tomita, H. (2008), New Microphysical Schemes with Five and Six Categories by Diagnostic Generation of Cloud Ice, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 86A, 121–142, doi:10.2151/jmsj.86A.121.
  24. Tyynelä, J., J. Leinonen, D. Moisseev, and T. Nousiainen (2011), Radar Backscattering from Snowflakes: Comparison of Fractal, Aggregate, and Soft Spheroid Models, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 28, 1365–1372, doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00004.1.
  25. Wood, N. B., T. S. L'Ecuyer, A. J. Heymsfield, and G. L. Stephens (2015), Microphysical Constraints on Millimeter-Wavelength Scattering Properties of Snow Particles, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 54, 909–931, doi:10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0137.1.