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Filtered by keyword:tropopause

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  1. Baray, J.-L., V. Danieland G. Ancellet, and B. Legras (2000), Planetary-scale tropopause folds in the southern subtropics, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27(3), 353–356.
  2. Bertin, F., C: Campistron, J. L. Caccia, and R. Wilson (2001), Mixing processes in a tropopause folding observed by a network of ST radar and lidar, Ann. Geophys., 19, 953–963.
  3. Birner, T., A. Doernbrack, and U. Schumann (2002), How sharp is the tropopause at midlatitudes?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(14), doi:10.1029/2002GL015142.
  4. Brunner, D., J. Staehlin, D. Jeker, H. Wernli, and U. Schumann (2001), Nitrogen oxides and ozone in the tropopause region of the Northern Hemisphere: Measurements from commercial in 1995/1996 and 1997, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D21), 27,673–27,699.
  5. Chae, J. H. and S. C. Sherwood (2007), Annual temperature cycle of the tropical tropopause: A simple model study, J. Geophys. Res.: Atm., 112, D19111, doi:10.1029/2006JD007956.
  6. Chae, J. H., D. L. Wu, W. G. Read, and S. C. Sherwood (2011), The role of tropical deep convective clouds on temperature, water vapor, and dehydration in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3811–3821, doi:10.5194/acp-11-3811-2011.
  7. Clark, H. L., R. S. Harwood, A. Billingham, and H. C. Pumphrey (2003), Cirrus and water vapor in the tropical tropopause layer observed by Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS), J. Geophys. Res., 108(D24), doi:10.1029/2003JD003748.
  8. Danilin, M. Y., et al. (1998), Aviation fuel tracer simulation: Model intercomparison and implications, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25(21), 3947–3950.
  9. Dethof, A., A. O'Neill, and J. Slingo (2000), Quantification of the isentropic mass transport across the dynamic tropopause, J. Geophys. Res., 105(D10), 12,279–12,293.
  10. Ekström, M. and P. Eriksson (2008), Altitude resolved ice-fraction in the uppermost tropical troposphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L13822, doi:10.1029/2008GL034305.
  11. Feldman, D. R., T. S. L'Ecuyer amd K. N. Liou, and Y. L. Yung (2008), Remote sensing of tropical tropopause layer radiation balance using A-train measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D21113, doi:10.1029/2008JD010158.
  12. Fueglistaler, S., A. E. Dessler, T. J. Dunkerton, I. Folkins, Q. Fu, and P. W. Mote (2009), Tropical tropopause layer, Rev. Geophys., 47, RG1004, doi:10.1029/2008RG000267.
  13. Garrett, T. J., A. J. Heymsfield, M. J. McGill, B. A. Ridley, D. G. Baumgardner, T. P. Bui, and C. R. Webster (2004), Convective generation of cirrus near the tropopause, J. Geophys. Res., 109, doi:10.1029/2004JD004952.
  14. Gettelman, A., W. J. Randel, F. Wu, and S. T. Massie (2001), Transport of Water Vapor in the Tropical Tropopause Layer, Geophys. Res. Lett.
  15. Gettelman, A. and P. M. de F. Forster (2002), A Climatology of the Tropical Tropopause Layer, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 80(4V), 911–924.
  16. Gettelman, A., P. M. de F. Forster, M. Fujiwara, Q. Fu, H. Voemel, L. K. Gohar, C. Johanson, and M. Ammerman. (2004), Radiation balance of the tropical tropopause layer, J. Geophys. Res., 109, doi:10.1029/2003JD004190.
  17. Gettelman, A., P. Hoor, L. L. Pan, W. J. Randel, M. I. Hegglin, and T. Birner (2011), The Extratropical Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere, Rev. Geophys., 49, RG3003, doi:10.1029/2011RG000355.
  18. Hallar, A. Gannet, L. M. Avallone, R. L. Herman, B. E. Anderson, and A. J. Heymsfield (2004), Measurements of ice water content in tropopause region Arctic cirrus during the SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE), J. Geophys. Res., 109, D17203, doi:10.1029/2003JD004348.
  19. Hartmann, D. L., J. R. Holton, and Q. Fu (2001), The heat balance of the tropical tropopause, cirrus, and stratospheric dehydration, University of Washington.
  20. Highwood, E. J. and B. J. Hoskins (1998), The tropical tropopause, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 124(549), 1579–1604, doi:10.1002/qj.49712454911.
  21. Jensen, E. and L. Pfister (2004), Transport and freeze-drying in the tropical tropopause layer, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D02207, doi:10.1029/2003JD004022.
  22. Jensen, E. J., J. B. Smith, L. Pfister, J. V. Pittman, E. M. Weinstock, D. S. Sayres, R. L. Herman, R. F. Troy, K. Rosenlof, T. L. Thompson, A. M. Fridlind, P. K. Hudson, D. J. Cziczo, A. J. Heymsfield, C. Schmitt, and J. C. Wilson (2005), Ice supersaturations exceeding 100% at the cold tropical tropopause: implications for cirrus formation and dehydration, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 851–862, doi:10.5194/acp-5-851-2005.
  23. Jensen, E. J., W. G. Read, J. Mergenthaler, B. J. Sandor, L. Pfister, and A. Tabazadeh (1999), High Humidities and Subvisible Cirrus Near the Tropical Tropopause, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(15), 2347–2350.
  24. Kärcher, B. (2004), Cirrus clouds in the tropical tropopause layer: Role of heteorogeneous ice nuclei, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31.
  25. Kiladis, G. N., K. H. Straub, G. C. Reid, and K. S. Gage (2001), Aspects of interannual and intraseasonal variability of the tropopause and lower stratosphere, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 127(576), 1961–1983, doi:10.1002/qj.49712757606.
  26. Kumar, S. V. Sunil, K. Parameswaran, and B. V. Krishna Murthy (2003), Lidar Observations of Cirrus Cloud Near the Tropical Tropopause: General Features, Atmos. Res., 66, 203–227.
  27. Ladstätter-Weissenmayer, A., J. Meyer-Arnek, A. Schlemm, and J. P. Burrows (2004), Influence of stratospheric airmasses on tropospheric vertical O3 columns based on GOME (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment) measurements and backtrajectory calculation over the Pacific, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 903–909, doi:10.5194/acp-4-903-2004.
  28. Liu, C., E. Zipser, T. Garrett, J. H. Jiang, and H. Su (2007), How do the water vapor and carbon monoxide "tape recorders" start near the tropical tropopause?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L09804, doi:10.1029/2006GL029234.
  29. Mote, P. W., K. H. Rosenlof, M. E. McIntyre, E. S. Carr, J. C. Gille, J. R. Holden, J. S. Kinnersley, H. C. Pumphrey, J. M. Russel III, and J. W. Waters (1996), An atmospheric tape recorder: The imprint of tropical tropopause temperatures on stratospheric water vapor, J. Geophys. Res., 101(D2), 3989–4006, doi:10.1029/95JD03422.
  30. Offermann, D., B. Schaeler, M. Riese, M. Langfermann, M. Jarisch, G. Eidmann, C. Schiller, H. G. J. Smit, and W. G. Read (2002), Water vapor at the tropopause during the CRISTA 2 mission, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D23), doi:10.1029/2001JD000700.
  31. Randel, W. J., F. Wu, S. J. Oltmans, K. Rosenlof, and G. E. Nedoluha (2004), Interannual Changes of Stratospheric Water Vapor and Correlations with Tropical Tropopause Temperatures, J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2133–2148.
  32. Randel, W. J., F. Wu, H. Vömel, G. E. Nedoluha, and P. Forster (2006), Decreases in stratospheric water vapor after 2001: Links to changes in the tropical tropopause and the Brewer-Dobson circulation, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D12312, doi:10.1029/2005JD006744.
  33. Rao, T. N. and S. Kirkwood (2005), Characteristics of tropopause folds over Arctic latitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 110, doi:10.1029/2004JD005374.
  34. Reichler, T., M. Dameris, and R. Sausen (2003), Determining the tropopause height from gridded data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(20), doi:10.1029/2005GL018240.
  35. Reid, G. C. and K. S. Gage (1981), On the Annual Variation in Height of the Tropical Tropopause, J. Atmos. Sci., 38(9), 1928–1938, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1981)038<1928:OTAVIH>2.0.CO;2.
  36. Salby, M., F. Sassi, P. Callaghan, W. Read, and H. Pumphrey (2003), Fluctuations of Cloud, Humidity, and Thermal Structure near the Tropical Tropopause, J. Climate, 16, 3428–3446.
  37. Santer, B. D., M. F. Wehner, T. M. L. Wigley, R. Sausen, G. A. Meehl, K. E. Taylor, C. Ammann, J. Arblaster, W. M. Washington, J. S. Boyle, and W. Brueggemann (2003), Contributions of Anthropogenic and Natural Forcing to Recent Tropopause Height Changes, Science, 301, 479–483.
  38. Schmitt, C. G. and A. J. Heymsfield (2009), The Size Distribution and Mass-Weighted Terminal Velocity of Low-Latitude Tropopause Cirrus Crystal Populations, J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 2013–2028, doi:10.1175/2009JAS3004.1.
  39. Seidel, D. J., R. J. Ross, J. K. Angell, and G. C. Reid (2001), Climatological characteristics of the tropical tropopause as revealed by radiosondes, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D8), 7857–7878, doi:10.1029/2000JD900837.
  40. Simmons, A. J., A. Untch, C. Jakob, P. Kallberg, and P. Unden (1999), Stratospheric water vapour and tropical tropopause temperatures in ECMWF analyses and multi-year simulations, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 125, 353–386.
  41. Solomon, S., S. Borrmann, R. R. Garcia, R. Portmann, L. Thomason, L. R. Poole, D. Winker, and M. P. McCormick (1997), Heterogeneous chlorine chemistry in the tropopause region, J. Geophys. Res., 102(D17), 21,411–21.429.
  42. Thuburn, J. and G. C. Craig (2002), On the temperature structure of the tropical substratosphere, J. Geophys. Res.: Atm., 107(D2), ACL 10-1–ACL 10-10, doi:10.1029/2001JD000448.
  43. Winker, D. M. and C. R. Trepte (1998), Laminar cirrus observed near the tropical tropopause by LITE, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25(17), 3351–3354.
  44. Zahn, A., V. Barth, K. Pfeilsticker, and U. Platt (1998), Deuterium, Oxygen-18, and Tritium as Tracers for Water Vapour Transport in the Lower Stratosphere and Tropopause Region, J. Atmos. Chem., 30, 25–47.