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  1. Baran, A. J., P. N. Francis, L.C. Labonnote, and M. Doutriaux-Boucher (2001), A scattering phase function for ice cloud : Tests of applicability using aircraft and satellite multi-angle multi-wavelength radiance measurements of cirrus, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 127, 2395–2416.
  2. Baran, A. J. and P. N. Francis (2004), On the radiative properties of cirrus cloud at solar and thermal wavelengths: A test of model consistency using high-resolution airborne radiance measurements, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 130, 1–16.
  3. Baran, A. J. (2005), The dependence of cirrus infrared radiative properties in ice crystal geometry and shape of the size-distribution function, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 131, 1129–1142.
  4. Baran, A. J. (2009), A review of the light scattering properties of cirrus, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 110, 1239–1260, doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.02.026.
  5. Baran, A. J., P. J. Connolly, and C. Lee (2009), Testing an ensemble model of cirrus ice crystals using midlatitude in situ estimates of Ice water content, volume extinction coefficient and the total solar optical depth, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 110, 1579–1598, doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.02.021.
  6. Baran, A. J. (2012), From the single-scattering properties of ice crystals to climate prediction: A way forward, Atmos. Res., 112, 45–69, doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.04.010.
  7. Baran, Anthony J., Peter Hill, Kalli Furtado, Paul Field, and James Manners (2014), A Coupled Cloud Physics-Radiation Parameterization of the Bulk Optical Properties of Cirrus and its Impact on the Met Office Unified Model Global, J. Climate, in press, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00700.1.
  8. Baran, A. J., K. Furtado, L.-C. Labonnote, S. Havemann, J.-C. Thelen, and F. Marenco (2014), On the relationship between the scattering phase function of cirrus and the atmospheric state, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 14, 14109–14157, doi:10.5194/acpd-14-14109-2014.
  9. Baran, A. J., R. Cotton, K. Furtado, S. Havemann, L.-C. Labonnote, F. Marenco, A. Smith, and J.-C. Thelen (2014), A self-consistent scattering model for cirrus. II: The high and low frequencies, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 140(680), 1039–1057, doi:10.1002/qj.2193.
  10. Bizzarri, B., et al. (1999), Report of the Pre-Phase a industrial Study for a Cloud and Radiation Monitoring Satellite (Clouds), EU.
  11. Bond, S. T. (1996), The Potential Effect of Cirrus on Microwave Limb Sounder Retrievals, The University of Edinburgh.
  12. Boucher, O. (1999), Air traffic may increase cirrus cloudiness, Nature, 397, 30–31.
  13. Bozzo, A., T. Maestri, R. Rizzi, and E. Tosi (2008), Parameterization of single scattering properties of mid-latitude cirrus clouds for fast radiative transfer models using particle mixtures, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35(16), 1–5, doi:10.1029/2008GL034695.
  14. Cairo, F., G. D. Donfrancesco, M. Snels, F. Fierli, M. Viterbini, S. Borrmann, and W. Frey (2010), A comparison of light backscattering and particle size distribution measurements in tropical cirrus clouds, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 3, 4059–4089, doi:10.5194/amtd-3-4059-2010.
  15. Chepfer, H., P. Goloub, J. Riedi, J. F. De Haan, J. W. Hovenier, and P. H. Flamant (2001), Ice crystal shapes in cirrus clouds derived from POLDER/ADEOS-1, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D8), 7955–7966, doi:10.1029/2000JD900285.
  16. Chepfer, H., G. Brogniez, and Y. Fouquart (1998), Cirrus coulds' microphysical properties deduced from POLDER observations, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 60(3), 375–390.
  17. Chepfer, H., G. Brogniez, P. Goloub, F. M. Breon, and P. H. Flamant (1999), Observations of horizontally oriented ice crystals in cirrus clouds with POLDER-1/ADEOS-1, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 63, 521–543.
  18. Choi, Y-S. and C-H. Ho (2006), Radiative effect of cirrus with different optical properties over the tropics in MODIS and CERES observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L21811, doi:10.1029/2006GL027403.
  19. Chou, C. and J. D. Neelin (1999), Cirrus Detrainment-Temperature Feedback, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(9), 1295–1298.
  20. Clark, H. L., R. S. Harwood, A. Billingham, and H. C. Pumphrey (2003), Cirrus and water vapor in the tropical tropopause layer observed by Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS), J. Geophys. Res., 108(D24), doi:10.1029/2003JD003748.
  21. Comstock, J. M. and C. Jakob (2004), Evaluation of tropical cirrus cloud properties derived from ECMWF model output and ground based measurements over Nauru Island, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31.
  22. Comstock, J. M., R. F. Lin, D. O. Starr, and P. Yang (2008), Understanding ice supersaturation, particle growth, and number concentration in cirrus clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D23211, doi:10.1029/2008JD010332.
  23. Considine, G. and J. A. Curry (1996), A statistical model of drop-size spectra for stratocumulus clouds, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 122, 611–634.
  24. Considine, G., J. A. Curry, and B. Wielicki (1997), Modeling cloud fraction and horizontal variability in marine boundary layer clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 102(D12), 13,517–13,525.
  25. Corti, T., B. P. Luo, Q. Fu, H. Voemel, and T. Peter (2006), The impact of cirrus clouds on tropical troposphere-to-stratosphere transport, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 2539–2547, doi:10.5194/acp-6-2539-2006.
  26. Crutzen, P. J. (2006), Albedo enhancement by stratospheric sulfur injections: A contribution to resolve a policy dilemma?, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and University of California.
  27. Del Genio, A. D., A. B. Wolf, and G. G. Mace (2001), Observed and Simulated Cirrus Cloud Properties at the SGP CART Site, Goddard Institute for Space Studies, University of Utah, Eleventh ARM Science Team Meeting Proceedings.
  28. DelGenio, A. D. (2002), GCM simulations of cirrus for climate studies, In: Cirrus, pp. 310–326, Edited by Lynch, D. K., K. Sassen, D. Starr, and G. Stephens, Oxford University Press.
  29. Dowling, D. R. and L. F. Radke (1990), A summary of the physical properties of cirrus clouds, J. Appl. Meteorol., 29, 970–978.
  30. Eguchi, N. and M. Shiotani (2004), Intraseasonal variations of water vapor and cirrus clouds in the tropical upper troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D12106, doi:10.1029/2003JD004314.
  31. Eguchi, N. and M. Shiotani (2004), Intraseasonal variations of water vapor and cirrus clouds in the tropical upper troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 109(D18), doi:10.1029/2003JD004314.
  32. Evans, K. F., S. J. Walter, and W. R. McGrath (1996), Submillimeter-Wave Radiometric Sensing of Cirrus Clouds Properties: The JPL Prototype Cloud Ice Radiometer, University of Colorado.
  33. Evans, K. F., S. J. Walter, A. J. Heymsfield, and M. N. Deeter (1998), Modeling of Submillimeter Passive Remote Sensing of Cirrus Clouds, J. Appl. Meteorol., 37, 184–205.
  34. Evans, K. F., A. H., I. G. Nolt, and B. T. Marshall (1999), The Prospect for Remote Sensing of Cirrus Clouds with a Submillimeter-Wave Spectrometer, J. Appl. Meteorol., 38, 514–525.
  35. Frey, W., S. Borrmann, D. Kunkel, R. Weigel, M. de Reus, H. Schlager, A. Roiger, C. Voigt, P. Hoor, J. Curtius, M. Krämer, C. Schiller, C. M. Volk, C. D. Homan, F. Fierli, G. Di Donfrancesco, A. Ulanovsky, F. Ravegnani, N. M. Sitnikov, S. Viciani, F. D'Amato, G. N. Shur, G. V. Belyaev, K. S. Law, and F. Cairo (2011), In-situ measurements of tropical cloud properties in the West African monsoon: upper tropospheric ice clouds, mesoscale convective system outflow, and subvisual cirrus, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 5569–5590, doi:10.5194/acp-11-5569-2011.
  36. Fu, Q., M. Baker, and D. L. Hartmann (2002), Tropical cirrus and water vapor: an effective Earth infrared iris feedback?, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2, 31–37, doi:10.5194/acp-2-31-2002.
  37. Fu, R., A. D. Del Genio, W. B. Rossow, and W. T. Liu (1992), Cirrus-cloud thermostat for tropical sea surface temperatures tested using satellite data, Nature, 358, 394–397.
  38. Fu, Q. and K. N. Liou (1993), Parameterization of the Radiative Properties of Cirrus Clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 2008–2025, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050<2008:POTRPO>2.0.CO;2.
  39. Fu, Q. and Y. Takano (1994), On the limitation of using asymmetry factor for radiative transfer in cirrus clouds, Atmos. Res., 34, 299–308.
  40. Fu, Q. (1996), An Accurate Parameterization of the Solar Radiative Properties of Cirrus for Climate Models, J. Climate, 9(9), 2058–2082, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<2058:AAPOTS>2.0.CO;2.
  41. Fu, Q., P. Yang, and W. B. Sun (1998), An Accurate Parameterization of the Infrared Radiative Properties of Cirrus Clouds for Climate Models, J. Climate, 11, 2223–2237, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<2223:AAPOTI>2.0.CO;2.
  42. Fusina, F., P. Spichtinger, and U. Lohmann (2007), Impact of ice supersaturated regions and thin cirrus on radiation in the midlatitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D24S14, doi:10.1029/2007JD008449.
  43. Gallagher, M. W., P. J. Connolly, J. Whiteway, D. Figueras-Nieto, M. Flynn, T. W. Choularton, K. N. Bower, and J. Hacker (2005), An overview of the microphysical structure of cirrus clouds observed during EMERALD-1, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 131, 1143–1169, doi:10.1256/qj.03.138.
  44. Gao, B.-C., K. Meyer, and P. Yang (2004), A new concept on remote sensing of cirrus optical depth and effective ice particle size using strong water vapor absorption channels near 1.38 and 1.88 micrometer, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 42(9), 1891–1899.
  45. Garrett, T. J., A. J. Heymsfield, M. J. McGill, B. A. Ridley, D. G. Baumgardner, T. P. Bui, and C. R. Webster (2004), Convective generation of cirrus near the tropopause, J. Geophys. Res., 109, doi:10.1029/2004JD004952.
  46. Garrett, T. J., B. C. Navarro, C. H. Twohy, E. J. Jensen, D. G. Baumgardner, P. T. Bui, H. Gerber, R. L. Herman, A. J. Heymsfield, P. Lawson, P. Minnis, L. Nguyen, M. Poellot, S. K. Pope, F. P. J. Valero, and E. M. Weinstock (2005), Evolution of a Florida Cirrus Anvil, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 2352–2372.
  47. Gayet, J.-F., J. Ovarlez, V. Shcherbakov, J. Strom, U. Schumann, A. Minikin, F. Auriol, A. Petzold, and M. Monier (2004), Cirrus cloud microphysical and optical properties at southern and northern midlatitudes during the INCA experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 109, doi:10.1029/2004JD004803.
  48. Gettelman, A. and D. E. Kinnison (2007), The global impact of supersaturation in a coupled chemistry-climate model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1629–1643, doi:10.5194/acp-7-1629-2007.
  49. Gierens, K., U. Schumann, M. Helten, H. Smit, and P.-H. Wang (2000), Ice-supersaturated regions and subvisible cirrus in the northern midlatitude upper troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 105(D18), 22,743–22,753.
  50. Goldfarb, L., P. Keckhut, M-L. Chanin, and A. Hauchecorne (2001), Cirrus climatological results from lidar measurements at OHP (44°N, 6°E), Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1687–1690, doi:10.1029/2000GL012701.
  51. Guo, G., Q. Ji, P. Yang, and S.-C. Tsay (2005), Remote Sensing of Cirrus Optical and Microphysical Properties From Ground-Based Infrared Radiometric Measurements- Part II: Retrievals From CRYSTAL-FACE Measurements, IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Let., 2(2), 132–135.
  52. Haladay, T. and G. Stephens (2009), Characteristics of tropical thin cirrus clouds deduced from joint CloudSat and CALIPSO observations, J. Geophys. Res., 114, 1–13, doi:10.1029/2008JD010675.
  53. Hallar, A. Gannet, L. M. Avallone, R. L. Herman, B. E. Anderson, and A. J. Heymsfield (2004), Measurements of ice water content in tropopause region Arctic cirrus during the SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE), J. Geophys. Res., 109, D17203, doi:10.1029/2003JD004348.
  54. Hartmann, D. L., J. R. Holton, and Q. Fu (2001), The heat balance of the tropical tropopause, cirrus, and stratospheric dehydration, University of Washington.
  55. Heidinger, A. K. and M. J. Pavolonis (2009), Gazing at cirrus clouds for 25 years through a split window, Part 1: Methodology, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 48(6), 1100–1116.
  56. Hendricks, J., B. Kärcher, U. Lohmann, and M. Ponater (2005), Do aircraft black carbon emissions affect cirrus clouds on the global scale?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, doi:10.1029/2005GL022740.
  57. Heymsfield, A. J. and J. Iaquinta (2000), Cirrus crystal terminal velocities, J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 916–938.
  58. Heymsfield, A. J., S. Lewis, A. Bansemer, J. Iaquinta, L. M. Miloshevich, M. Kajikawa, C. Twohy, and M. R. Poellot (2002), A general approach for deriving the properties of cirrus and stratiform ice cloud particles, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 3–29.
  59. Heymsfield, A. J. and G. M. McFarquahar (2002), Mid-latitude and Tropical Cirrus, In: Cirrus, pp. 78–101, Edited by Lynch, D. K., K. Sassen, D. Starr, and G. Stephens, Oxford University Press.
  60. Heymsfield, A. J., A. Bansemer, P.R. Field, S. L. Durden, J. L. Stith, J. E. Dye, W. Hall, and C. A. Grainger (2002), Observations and Parameterizations of Particle Size Distributions in Deep Tropical Cirrus and Stratiform Precipitating Clouds: Results from In Situ Observations in TRMM Field Campaigns., J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 3457–3491.
  61. Heymsfield, A. J. and L. M. Miloshevic (2002), Parameterizations for the Cross-Sectional Area and Extinction of Cirrus Stratiform Ice Cloud Particles, J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 936–956.
  62. Heymsfield, A. J., S. Matrosov, and B. Baum (2003), Ice water path - optical depth relationships for cirrus and deep stratiform ice cloud layers, J. Appl. Meteorol., 42(20), 1369–1390.
  63. Heymsfield, A. J., C. G. Schmitt, A. Bansemer, D. Baumgardner, E. M. Weinstock, J. T. Smith, and D. Sayres (2004), Effective Ice Particle Densities for Cold Anvil Cirrus, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31.
  64. Heymsfield, A. J., L. M. Misloshevich, C. Schmitt, and A. Bansemer (2005), Homogeneous ice nucleation in subtropical convection and its influence on cirrus anvil microphysics, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 41–64.
  65. Heymsfield, A. J., C. Schmitt, A. Bansemer, G.-J. van Zadelhoff, M. J. McGill, C. Twohy, and D. Baumgardner (2006), Effective Radius of Ice Cloud Particle Populations Derived from Aircraft Probes, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 23, 361–380.
  66. Heymsfield, A. J. and L. M. Miloshevich (1995), Relative Humidity and Temperature Influences on Cirrus Formation and Evolution: Observations from Wave Clouds and FIRE II, J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 4302–4326.
  67. Heymsfield, A. J. and G. M. McFarquhar (1996), High Albedos of Cirrus in the Tropical Pacific Warm Pool: Microphysical Interpretations from CEPEX and from Kwajalein, Marshall Islands, J. Atmos. Sci., 53(17), 2424–2451, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<2424:HAOCIT>2.0.CO;2.
  68. Heymsfield, A. J., L. Miloshevich, and C. Twohy (1998), Upper-tropospheric relative humidity observations and implications for cirrus ice nucleation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25(9), 1343–1346.
  69. Hobbs, P. V. (ed.) (1993), Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions, , Vol. 54, Academic Press.
  70. Hong, G., G. Heygster, and K. Kunzi (2006), Effect of Cirrus Clouds on the Diurnal Cycle of Tropical Deep Convective Clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D06209, doi:10.1029/2005JD006208.
  71. Ivanova, D., D. L. Mitchell, W. P. Arnott, and M. Poellot (2001), A GCM Parameterization for Bimodal Size Spectra and Ice Mass Removal Rates in Mid- latitude Cirrus Clouds, Atmos. Res., 59–60, 89–113.
  72. Jensen, E. J., J. B. Smith, L. Pfister, J. V. Pittman, E. M. Weinstock, D. S. Sayres, R. L. Herman, R. F. Troy, K. Rosenlof, T. L. Thompson, A. M. Fridlind, P. K. Hudson, D. J. Cziczo, A. J. Heymsfield, C. Schmitt, and J. C. Wilson (2005), Ice supersaturations exceeding 100% at the cold tropical tropopause: implications for cirrus formation and dehydration, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 851–862, doi:10.5194/acp-5-851-2005.
  73. Jensen, E. and L. Pfister (2005), Implications of persistent ice superaturation in clod cirrus for stratosphere water vapor, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L01808, doi:10.1029/2004GL021125.
  74. Jensen, E. J., W. G. Read, J. Mergenthaler, B. J. Sandor, L. Pfister, and A. Tabazadeh (1999), High Humidities and Subvisible Cirrus Near the Tropical Tropopause, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(15), 2347–2350.
  75. Joos, H., P. Spichtinger, U. Lohmann, J.-F. Gayet, and A. Minikin (2008), Orographic cirrus in the global climate model ECHAM5, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D18205, doi:10.1029/2007JD009605.
  76. Joos, H., P. Spichtinger, and U. Lohmann (2009), Orographic cirrus in a future climate, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7825–7845, doi:10.5194/acp-9-7825-2009.
  77. Kärcher, B. and U. Lohmann (2002), A parameterization of cirrus cloud formations: Homogeneous freezing including the effects of arerosol size, J. Geophys. Res., 107, doi:10.1029/2001JD001429.
  78. Kärcher, B. and U. Lohmann (2002), A parameterization of cirrus cloud formation: Homogeneous freezing of supercooled aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 107, doi:10.1029/2001JD000470.
  79. Kärcher, B. (2002), Properties of subvisible cirrus clouds formed by homogeneous freezing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2, 161–170, doi:10.5194/acp-2-161-2002.
  80. Kärcher, B. and U. Lohmann (2003), A parameterization of cirrus cloud formation: Heterogeneous freezing, J. Geophys. Res., 108, doi:10.1029/2002JD003220.
  81. Kärcher, B. and J. Ström (2003), The roles of dynamical variability and aerosols in cirrus cloud formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 823–838, doi:10.5194/acp-3-823-2003.
  82. Kärcher, B. (2004), Cirrus clouds in the tropical tropopause layer: Role of heteorogeneous ice nuclei, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31.
  83. Kärcher, B. (2005), Supersaturation, dehydration, and denitrification in Arctic cirrus, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1757–1772, doi:10.5194/acp-5-1757-2005.
  84. Kahn, B. H., A. Eldering, M. Ghil, S. Bordoni, and S. A. Clough (2004), Sensitivity Analysis of Cirrus Cloud Properties from High-Resolution Infrared Spectra. Part I: Methodology and Synthetic Cirrus, J. Climate, 17, 4856–4870.
  85. Kahn, B. H., K. Nan Liou, S.-Y. Lee, E. F. Fishbein, S. DeSouza-Machado, A. Eldering, E. J. Fetzer, S. E. Hannon, and L. Larrabee Strow (2005), Nighttime cirrus detection using Atmospheric Infrared Sounder window channels and total column water vapor, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D07203, doi:10.1029/2004JD005430.
  86. Kahn, B. H., C. K. Liang, A. Eldering, A. Gettelman Q. Yue, and K. N. Liou (2008), Tropical thin cirrus and relative humidity observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1501–1518, doi:10.5194/acp-8-1501-2008.
  87. Kinne, S., T. P. Ackerman, M. Shiobara, A. Uchiyama, A. J. Heymsfield, L. Miloshevich, J. Wendell, E. Eloranta, C. Purgold, and R. W. Bergstrom (1997), Cirrus Cloud Radiative and Microphysical Properties From Ground Observations and In Situ Measurements During Fire 1991 and Their Application to Exhibit Problems in Cirrus Solar Radiative Transfer Modeling, J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 2320–2344.
  88. Knap, W. H., M. Hess, P. Stammes, R. B. A. Koelemeijer, and P. D. Watts (1999), Cirrus optical thickness and crystal size retrieval from ATSR-2 data using phase functions of imperfect hexagonal ice crystals, J. Geophys. Res., 104(13), 31721–31730, doi:10.1029/1999JD900267.
  89. Krämer, M., C. Rolf, A. Luebke, A. Afchine, N. Spelten, A. Costa, J. Meyer, M. Zöger, J. Smith, R. L. Herman, B. Buchholz, V. Ebert, D. Baumgardner, S. Borrmann, M. Klingebiel, and L. Avallone (2016), A microphysics guide to cirrus clouds — Part 1: Cirrus types, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 3463–3483, doi:10.5194/acp-16-3463-2016.
  90. Kuebbeler, M., M. Hildebrandt, J. Meyer, C. Schiller, T. Hamburger, T. Jurkat, A. Minikin, A. Petzold, M. Rautenhaus, H. Schlager, U. Schumann, C. Voigt, P. Spichtinger, J. F. Gayet, C. Gourbeyre, and M. Kramer (2010), Thin and subvisible cirrus and contrails in a subsaturated environment, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 10, 31153–31186, doi:10.5194/acpd-10-31153-2010.
  91. Kumar, S. V. Sunil, K. Parameswaran, and B. V. Krishna Murthy (2003), Lidar Observations of Cirrus Cloud Near the Tropical Tropopause: General Features, Atmos. Res., 66, 203–227.
  92. Larsen, H., J.-F. Gayet, G. Febvre, H. Chepfer, and G. Brogniez (1998), Measurement errors in cirrus cloud microphysical properties, Ann. Geophys., 16, 266–276.
  93. Lawson, R. P., B. Baker, B. Pilson, and Q. X. Mo (2006), In situ observations of the microphysical properties of wave, cirrus, and anvil clouds. Part II: Cirrus clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 63("12"), 3186–3203.
  94. Lawson, R. P., B. Pilson, B. Baker, Q. Mo, E. Jensen, L. Pfister, and P. Bui (2008), Aircraft measurements of microphysical properties of subvisible cirrus in the tropical tropopause layer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8(6), 1609–1620, doi:10.5194/acp-8-1609-2008.
  95. Lawson, R. P., A. J. Heymsfield, S. M. Aulenbach, and T. L. Jensen (1998), Shapes, sizes and light scattering properties of ice crystals in cirrus and a persistent contrail during SUCCESS, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25(9), 1331–1334.
  96. Lin, R.-F., D. O'C. Starr, P. J. DeMott, R. Cotton, K. Sassen, E. Jensen, B. Kärcher, and X. Liu (2002), Cirrus Parcel Model Comparison Project. Phase I: The critical components to simulate cirrus initiation explicitly, J. Atmos. Sci., 59(15), 2305–2329.
  97. Lin, H., K. J. Noone, J. Stroem, and A. J. Heymsfield (1998), Small Ice Crystals in Cirrus Clouds: A Model Study and Comparison with In Situ Observations, J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 1928–1939.
  98. Liou, K. N. (2005), Cirrus clouds and Climate, The McGraw Hill Companies.
  99. Liou, K. N. (1986), Influence of cirrus clouds on weather and climate processes: a global perspective, Mon. Weather Rev., 114, 1167–1199.
  100. Lohmann, U. and B. Kaecher (2002), First interactive simulations of cirrus clouds formed by homogeneous freezing in the ECHAM GCM, J. Geophys. Res., 107, doi:10.1029/2001JD000767.
  101. Lohmann, U., B. Kärcher, and C. Timmreck (2003), Impact of the Mount Pinatubo eruption on cirrus clouds formed by homogeneous freezing in the ECHAM4 GCM, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D18), doi:10.1029/2002JD003185.
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